Tag: cancer claim

A crucial discussion for Cervical Cancer Prevention Week 2025

Cervical cancer remains a significant health concern for women worldwide, and early diagnosis and treatment are vital. Delays in diagnosis can severely impact a patient’s prognosis, leading to more extensive treatment and, tragically, increased mortality rates.

Understanding cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern in the United Kingdom. Here are some key statistics regarding cervical cancer cases in the UK:

• Incidence rates: Most cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed in women aged 30-45, although it can occur at any age after the onset of sexual activity.
• HPV: The primary cause of cervical cancer is a virus called high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). High-risk HPV can cause changes in the cells of the cervix which, over time, can develop into cervical cancer.
• Screening programme: The UK has a national cervical screening programme that invites women from ages 25 to 64 for regular screening. This has been effective in early detection and has reduced the incidence rates.
• Vaccination impact: The introduction of the HPV vaccine has also played a role in reducing the number of cervical cancer cases, particularly among younger women who are vaccinated.
• Annual cases: As of the most recent data, there were around 3,200 new cervical cancer cases in the UK every year, which is about nine cases diagnosed every day.
• Survival rates: Survival rates for cervical cancer have increased over the past few decades due to better screening and treatment options. The five-year survival rate for women diagnosed with early-stage cervical cancer is relatively high.
• Regional variation: There might be regional variations in incidence and mortality rates within the UK, with some areas having higher rates than others, often linked to socioeconomic factors and access to screening services.

Please note that these statistics can change over time, and for the most current data, you should refer to recent reports from sources like Cancer Research UK, the Office for National Statistics, or the NHS.

HPV

HPV is a common virus which most people (eight out of 10) get infected with at some point. In most people, it will go away within two years without causing any problems. There are many types of HPV and cervical cancer is linked to infection with high-risk types of HPV which do not go away on their own.

HPV does not cause any symptoms so cervical screening tests in England, Scotland and Wales look for high-risk HPV first and, if a screening sample is positive for high-risk HPV, a patient is invited back for cervical screening in one year (rather than in three years). If a patient has high-risk HPV three times in a row, they will be invited to colposcopy for more tests. If a patient has high-risk HPV plus cell changes, they will be invited to colposcopy for further tests.

A colposcopy is an examination normally done in a hospital or local clinic where a closer look is taken at the cervix and a biopsy may be taken. Depending on the results, treatment may be offered to remove the abnormal cells before they become cancerous or, if there is cancer present, further treatment will be offered, which depends on how large the cancer is and whether it has spread to anywhere else in the body.

Symptoms of cervical cancer

Symptoms can include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Unusual vaginal discharge

In the later stages of cervical cancer, symptoms can also include:

• Unexplained pain in the lower back or pelvis
• Unexplained weight loss

If women present with these symptoms, they should contact their GP. The symptoms may or may not be due to cervical cancer, but seeing a GP can ensure that they are thoroughly investigated.

However, for some women, cervical cancer does not cause any obvious symptoms which is why women need to attend their cervical screening tests (previously known as smear tests) when they are offered.

Importance of timely diagnosis

Diagnosis of cervical cancer can include investigations such as:

• Cervical screening tests
• Colposcopies
• Biopsy
• Scans
• Hysteroscopy (looking inside the womb with a narrow telescope and camera)

Treatment options range from surgery to chemotherapy, depending on the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Radiotherapy and brachytherapy are other treatments that can be offered.

Early detection is key to increasing survival rates and limiting the extent of treatment that a woman may need. A delayed diagnosis can allow the cancer to progress, leading to the need for more aggressive treatment and worse outcomes (such as a lower chance of recovery or increased risk of the cancer coming back). 

Examples of negligence in diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer

• Failure to offer cervical screening tests
• Failure to refer a patient to a hospital specialist for further investigations
• Misinterpretation of cervical screening results
• Misreporting of colposcopy results

For instance, a GP may neglect to invite a patient for cervical screening when it is due.

Alternatively, where a patient presents with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding (e.g. between periods or after the menopause), a GP may fail to make an appropriate referral for further investigation.

There are also cases where abnormal cervical screening test results are incorrectly reported as being normal, or colposcopy results are misreported as normal, thereby delaying the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Proving medical negligence

All healthcare providers owe a duty of care to their patients. To establish a medical negligence claim, it needs to be shown that the healthcare provider breached their duty of care towards their patient (failed to provide an acceptable standard of care) and that the patient has suffered harm because of negligence (this is known as causation).

The harm suffered by a patient may be physical and/or psychiatric harm, and financial losses suffered because of the negligence are also recoverable as part of a medical negligence claim in addition to a sum of compensation for avoidable pain and suffering. It may also be possible to recover compensation for future financial losses that will be incurred as a result of the negligence (such as future medical treatment costs).

Cervical cancer prevention week 2025: Awareness

In 2023, Jo’s Trust launched its End Cervical Cancer campaign. NHS England has pledged to eliminate cervical cancer by 2040, but to make this happen, programmes for HPV vaccinations, cervical screening and treatment for cell changes need to be as effective and easy to access as possible.

We also consider that it is imperative to address the issue of delayed cervical cancer diagnosis due to negligence to bring about system improvements, professional training, and patient awareness.

The upcoming Cervical Cancer Prevention Week 2025 is an opportunity to unite in the fight against cervical cancer.

How Tees can help

Tees offers ‘no win, no fee’ agreements for the investigation of medical negligence claims – this means that no costs associated with a claim are payable unless a claim is successful. . If you win, most of your legal costs are paid by the Defendant.  A small portion of your compensation may be used to cover legal costs not paid by the Defendant. The majority of our clients choose this option for peace of mind and affordability.

Our specialist lawyers are happy to give initial advice on a potential claim, advising you as to whether a claim is likely to succeed.

A number of our lawyers, including Natalie Pibworth, who is a senior solicitor in the medical negligence department at Tees, have experience in dealing with claims involving delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer and understand the sensitivity required when helping with such claims.

Our specialist lawyers are ready to assist you if you want further information or to discuss a potential claim.

Please note that the content of this article is for information purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.

One of the most devastating experiences anyone can go through is the diagnosis of cancer. Although there are many forms of cancer, delayed diagnosis or negligent treatment of skin cancer can have significant consequences.

This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of medical negligence in the context of skin cancer, emphasising the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Definition of skin cancer

Skin cancer is a medical condition categorised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells. It generally develops in skin areas exposed to the sun but can also manifest in places that are not ordinarily exposed to sunlight.

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer globally and is the fifth most common cancer in the UK, with about 16,200 new cases each year, so understanding its types is crucial for awareness and early detection.

The three most common forms of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

• Description: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and least aggressive form of skin cancer. It arises from the basal cells, which are in the deepest layer of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin).
• Appearance: BCCs often appear as a change in the skin and are slow growing. They might look like a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-coloured or brown scar-like lesion, or a bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and returns.
• Common Locations: Typically develops in areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders, and back. Those with fair skin who burn easily are most at risk of suffering from BCC.
• Treatment: Treatment options include surgical removal, topical treatments, radiation therapy, and in some cases, photodynamic therapy, or laser surgery. BCC’s are generally not considered life threatening, but can return if not adequately treated.

 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

• Description: Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer. It originates from the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.
• Appearance: SCC can appear as a red firm bump, a scaly patch, or a sore that heals and then reopens. It can become more aggressive than BCC if not treated.
• Common Locations: Often found on areas of the body damaged by UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds, including the rim of the ear, face, neck, arms, chest, and back, but can occur on other parts of the body. Immunosuppressed individuals are particularly at risk of developing SCC.
• Treatment: Early-stage SCC can often be treated with minor surgery or sometimes with topical medications. More advanced cases may require more extensive surgical procedures, radiation, or chemotherapy. If found and treated early, SCC can be cured.

Melanoma

• Description: Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. It develops in the melanocytes, which are the cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. According to a study performed by Brighten and Sussex Medical School in 2021, incidence rates of skin cancer (cutaneous malignant melanoma) have increased more than 550% in males and 250% in females since the early 1980s in England.
• Appearance: Melanomas can occur anywhere on the body, not only in areas exposed to the sun. They are characterized by the appearance of a new mole or a change in an existing mole, which follow the ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving).
• Common Locations: Can develop anywhere on the body, including less exposed areas such as the soles of the feet, palms, and under the nails.
• Treatment: Treatment will first involve surgical removal of the affected tissue. Then, depending on the stage and location, further treatment may be offered such as pharmacological immunotherapy, targeted therapy such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Causes and symptoms of skin cancer

Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or tanning beds is the primary cause of skin cancer. Factors such as age, skin type, number of moles on the body, and family history of skin cancer can also increase the risk. Immunosuppressed individuals are also at higher risk of developing skin cancer. Symptoms may include new skin growths, changes in existing moles, and skin sores that do not heal.

Diagnosis of skin cancer

The importance of a timely and accurate diagnosis cannot be overstated when it comes to managing skin cancer effectively. Typically, a medical professional, well-versed in the field, will conduct a thorough physical examination. This will usually be a GP or a dermatologist. Further tests can include examination under a dermatoscope, or an excision biopsy, which is where a portion of the affected tissue is surgically removed, under local anesthetic, and sent to a lab for testing. The significance of an accurate diagnosis is paramount, as any delay or error in diagnosis can lead to the cancer spreading. If cancer spreads, it becomes more challenging to treat, which can result in more extensive and invasive treatment.

Treatment of skin cancer

The treatment options for skin cancer depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery is the most common treatment method, usually under local anaesthetic. However, other treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy, may also be used.

Types of skin cancer claims

Skin cancer claims can range from misdiagnosis claims where a patient was wrongly diagnosed with a different illness, to negligent treatment claims where the prescribed treatment was incorrect or inadequate for the patient’s condition. Regardless of the type of claim, it is essential to establish that the negligence directly caused or contributed to the patient’s harm.

What constitutes medical negligence?

Medical negligence refers to a breach of duty of care by a healthcare professional, which causes harm to a patient. In the context of skin cancer, negligence can occur in various forms – from delayed or incorrect diagnosis to inappropriate or substandard treatment. Such negligence can adversely affect the patient’s health and prognosis.

Making a claim for medical negligence

Bringing a medical negligence claim can be daunting, especially when dealing with a serious condition like skin cancer. However, with the right legal guidance, the process can be managed effectively. The claim process involves establishing the negligence with the help of independent medicolegal experts, determining the extent of harm, and calculating the compensation.

What to expect in a skin cancer compensation claim

Compensation in skin cancer negligence cases can help cover treatment costs, loss of earnings, and other expenses incurred due to the negligence. It can also assist with therapy or counselling required to cope with the emotional distress caused by negligence.

Choosing the right solicitor for your claim

Choosing a solicitor with expertise in medical negligence cases, particularly skin cancer cases, can significantly influence the outcome of your claim. They can provide the necessary legal advice, help gather evidence, and negotiate with the defendant on your behalf.

No win no fee skin cancer claims

Many solicitors offer a ‘no win no fee’ service, which means you only pay a fee if your claim is successful and is often deducted from your compensation. This arrangement, also known as a Conditional Fee Agreement, makes legal support more accessible to those who might otherwise struggle to afford it.

Support for skin cancer patients

Several organisations provide support and resources for skin cancer patients and their families. These include Cancer Research UK, Macmillan Skin Cancer Support, and the NHS Cancer Support Services. These services offer vital help and advice, from understanding your diagnosis and treatment options to coping with the emotional impact of cancer.

How Tees can help

Medical negligence in skin cancer cases can have significant consequences, potentially transforming a treatable condition into a life-threatening one. If you or a loved one have suffered due to such negligence, it’s important to understand your legal rights and consider seeking compensation. With the right legal guidance, you can navigate through this challenging journey and secure the justice and compensation you deserve.

Our No Win, No Fee arrangement ensures you don’t pay any legal or associated costs unless your case is successful. If you win, most of your legal costs are paid by the Defendant.  A small portion of your compensation may be used to cover legal costs not paid by the Defendant. The majority of our clients choose this option for peace of mind and affordability.

If you have recently been diagnosed with skin cancer, and have concerns about the care provided, please talk to us. Our specialist solicitors will listen and help you find the best way to move forward.

Uterine sarcoma is a rare form of cancer that affects the uterus or its supporting tissues. It is a complicated disease to diagnose, and when not detected early, can have severe consequences.

In certain instances, it has been observed that medical negligence has led to a delayed diagnosis of uterine sarcoma. This article aims to help you understand uterine sarcoma, the importance of early diagnosis, and how medical negligence can occur in this context.

What is uterine sarcoma?

Uterine sarcoma is a malignant condition where cancerous cells form in the muscles of the uterus or other supporting tissues. This disease is different from endometrial cancer, which originates in the inner lining of the uterus. Uterine sarcoma is a rare kind of cancer that forms in the uterine muscles or the tissues that support the uterus.  There are several subtypes of uterine sarcoma and they are categorized based on the specific type of cells affected.  The main types of uterine sarcoma are:

• Leiomyosarcoma: This is the most common type of uterine sarcoma and it originates in the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. Leiomyosarcomas are often aggressive and tend to spread to other parts of the body.
• Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS): ESS develops in the connective tissue (stroma) that supports the endometrium, the lining of the uterus.  This type of sarcoma is less common than leiomyosarcoma and generally has a better prognosis.
• Undifferentiated sarcoma: This is a rare and aggressive type of uterine sarcoma where the cancer cells do not resemble normal uterine tissue. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and can be challenging to treat.
• Adenosarcoma: Adenosarcoma is a rare form of uterine sarcoma that consists of both malignant (cancerous) and benign (non-cancerous) components.  It typically arises in the lining of the uterus and may have a better prognosis compared to some other uterine sarcomas.

Uterine sarcoma is distinct from the more common uterine cancers, such as endometrial cancer, which arises from the lining of the uterus.

Risk Factors and Signs

The onset of uterine sarcoma can be influenced by several factors. One of the most significant risk factors includes past treatment with radiation therapy to the pelvis. Furthermore, it has been noted that the use of tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment can also increase the risk of developing uterine sarcoma. A rapidly growing uterine fibroid in a peri-menopausal or postmenopausal woman should raise suspicion of sarcoma.

Patients with uterine sarcoma may experience:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopausal or irregular bleeding between periods.
• Pelvic pain or discomfort: persistent pelvic pain or discomfort may occur, although it is a nonspecific symptom and can be caused by various conditions.
• A feeling of fullness or pressure in the pelvic area: this can occur due to the presence of a tumour affecting the uterus or surrounding tissues.
• Abdominal or pelvic mass: uterine sarcomas can cause the uterus to become larger than usual, leading to a noticeable abdominal or pelvic mass.
• Changes in bowel or bladder habits: in some cases, uterine sarcoma can cause changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation or increased frequency of urination if the tumour presses against nearby organs.
• Painful intercourse
• Backache or leg swelling: in some cases, uterine sarcoma may spread to nearby tissues and organs, causing symptoms such as back pain or leg swelling.

These signs and symptoms, however, can be caused by various other gynecological conditions. Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor if any such conditions are encountered.

Diagnosis of uterine sarcoma

Diagnosing uterine sarcoma involves several tests and procedures.  A health history check and a general physical and pelvic examination are typically the first steps.

Other diagnostic tests include a pelvic and transvaginal ultrasound exam, followed by pelvic MRI.  An endometrial or transvaginal biopsy can be attempted.  If the results of an endometrial biopsy are not clear, a Dilatation and curettage (D&C), where tissue samples are removed from the inner lining of the uterus is usually done. A hysteroscopy (a procedure used to examine the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and bladder) can also be helpful. However, diagnosis is often reached after a surgical specimen.

Stages of uterine sarcoma

Once a diagnosis is confirmed, the stage of the cancer is determined. The stage of the disease is crucial in determining the treatment plan. The stages of uterine sarcoma are:

• Stage I: Cancer is found in the uterus only.
• Stage II: Cancer has spread beyond the uterus but has not spread beyond the pelvis.
• Stage III: Cancer has spread into tissues in the abdomen.
• Stage IV: Cancer has spread beyond the pelvis.

Treatment options for uterine sarcoma

Treatment for uterine sarcoma typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. The treatment plan is usually based on the stage of the cancer, the type and size of the tumour, and the patient’s overall health. Patients should consult with a gynaecological oncologist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their specific condition.

Medical negligence in uterine sarcoma cases

In certain instances, medical negligence can lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of uterine sarcoma. Medical negligence refers to a situation where a healthcare professional provides substandard care, which can lead to harm or injury to the patient.

In the context of uterine sarcoma, medical negligence can involve:

• Failure to carry out appropriate tests.
• Misinterpretation of test results – for example, an ultrasound scan or MRI may be reported to show a fibroid, rather than uterine sarcoma.
• Failure to refer the patient to a specialist.
• Delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis.

When medical negligence leads to a delayed diagnosis, the cancer may progress to a more advanced stage, making treatment more challenging and leading to a poorer prognosis.

Legal recourse for medical negligence

Uterine sarcoma is a complex disease that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Medical negligence leading to delayed diagnosis can significantly impact the patient’s prognosis and quality of life.

If you believe that you or a loved one has suffered due to medical negligence in the diagnosis or treatment of uterine sarcoma, you may be entitled to make a medical negligence claim. This can help you receive compensation for the physical, emotional, and financial damages you have suffered due to the negligence.

Legal processes can be complex and daunting, so it’s crucial to seek expert legal advice. At Tees, our specialist medical negligence solicitors can guide you through the process, helping you gather the necessary evidence and build a strong case.