Understanding the behaviours associated with Autism, as well as implementing reasonable adjustments, is essential for helping those with Autism thrive in the workplace and in education. By improving awareness and accessibility, we can help neurodivergent individuals thrive and reduce stigma around Autism in professional and academic settings.
What is autism?
Autism is a lifelong neurodivergence that affects how individuals experience and interact with the world. According to the National Autistic Society, “Autism influences how people experience and interact with the world. It is a lifelong neurodivergence and disability. Autistic people are different from each other, but for a diagnosis they must share differences from non-Autistic people in how they think, feel, and communicate.”
As a spectrum condition, Autism affects those differently. While Autistic individuals share certain characteristics some may have difficulty with social interactions, others may struggle with sensory sensitivities, such as sensitivity to noise, light, or touch.
Is autism a disability?
While Autistic people differ in terms of how they prefer to be described (some may prefer the term ‘neurodiverse’, for example), for legal purposes Autism is classed as a disability under the Equality Act 2010. This means that employers are required to make reasonable adjustments to support Autistic employees. Providing equal opportunities for Autistic individuals ensures that they are treated fairly in the workplace and beyond.
How does Autism affect work?
Autistic employees may experience challenges in workplace interactions and adapting to changes Sensory sensitivities like light and noise can make busy office environments overwhelming, while some may react strongly to being touched by others or smells in the office. This can lead to being stressed or overwhelmed when confronting a difficult or unfamiliar situation.
Can Autistic people work?
With the right support in place, people with Autism are able to enter the workplace and thrive.
Many Autistic individuals thrive in structured environments with clear expectations. Employers can build inclusive work environments by understanding and recognising the behaviors associated with Autism and consider what reasonable adjustments could be made to help.
Reasonable adjustments for Autistic employees?
Employers can introduce simple yet effective adjustments to support Autistic employees. In return, you could be rewarded with a diligent, highly effective worker who is an asset and really has something to contribute to your business.
Common reasonable adjustments may include:
- Structured Induction Process – Carrying out a highly detailed induction process outlining exactly what they will be doing day-to-day and what their responsibilities will be.
- Routine and Predictability – Offering a weekly schedule, detailing what they will be doing in the mornings and afternoons, what time lunch is, when they may leave, and any scheduled meetings. This will help them settle into a routine and reduce their anxiety.
- Sensory Adjustments – Providing noise-canceling headphones, separate quiet workspaces, or adjustable lighting.
- Training – Educating staff on neurodiversity including how to interact and support Autistic individuals in the workplace.
- Flexible Working Arrangements – Allowing remote work or flexible hours to accommodate sensory sensitivities (for example, allowing your employee to start work later to avoid travelling during rush-hour, or permitting them to work from home on days they may be feeling particularly anxious).
- Mentorship Programs – Assigning a mentor to provide guidance and support.
This list is by no means exhaustive, not all Autistic employees will require the same adjustments, as Autism presents differently in each individual.
How does Autism affect learning?
In education, Autistic students may face challenges with communication, social interactions, and sensory sensitivities.
Some may have delayed speech development and difficulty communicating with teachers and fellow pupils, while others may have advanced verbal skills but struggle with non-verbal communication.
Many also struggle to follow directions and understand what they are being asked to do, while some will find it difficult to understand their teachers’ and peers’ body language and facial expressions. They may also be very reluctant to try new things, or have fixed, narrow interests that make it difficult for them to branch out and enjoy new learning experiences.
School is also a highly social environment and Autistic children can become distressed and anxious when put in situations where they have to communicate with their classmates. They may struggle with group activities, particularly those involving imaginative or creative play. Pupils with sensory processing difficulties may struggle in a noisy classroom or playground environment, while others may dislike other children touching them. If they become overwhelmed, they may develop symptoms such as headaches, anxiety, panic attacks or aggression.
How can teachers support Autistic students?
Teachers play a crucial role in creating an inclusive learning environment. Good communication is key when supporting an Autistic pupil, and you may have to communicate differently with an Autistic child than you would a neurotypical child. Strategies include:
- Clear Instructions – Instead of general instructions like “tidy the classroom,” provide specific tasks such as “put the pencils in their pots and come back when finished.”
- Visual Aids – Using visual schedules, sign language, or other non-verbal cues to support communication.
- Routine and Structure – Establishing a consistent daily routine to reduce anxiety.
- Flexible School Policies – Allowing uniform modifications or noise-canceling headphones for sensory-sensitive students.
- Quiet Spaces – Providing a designated area where students can retreat if overwhelmed.
- Adjustments to Class Schedules – Allowing staggered start times or early class exits to avoid crowded hallways.
If a teacher requires upskilling to enable them to more effectively support a child with Autism, it could be extremely useful to find out about opportunities for training on how to support and communicate with Autistic children.
Sensitive and caring Employment and Education Law legal advisers
No two Autistic individuals are the same. Employers and educators should work closely with Autistic employees, students, and their families to tailor adjustments that best meet their needs.
If you are an employer, employee, student, or parent seeking guidance on neurodiversity accommodations, our Employment and Education Law specialists are here to provide expert advice. We are committed to ensuring fair treatment and accessibility in workplaces and schools for Autistic individuals as well as those with ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia and more.
By adopting an inclusive environment through awareness and adjustments, we can help push neurodivergent individuals to succeed in their careers and education.
Speak with one of our employment law or education solicitors today to discuss how we can support you.
